All 1979-2007 Vehicle Wiring Diagrams v4.2
12 Volt Resource™ Aftermarket Installation CD-ROM v4.2 is designed to be the ultimate reference tool for anyone planning to install an aftermarket Security, Remote Start, Keyless Entry, Audio or Video device in their car, truck or SUV. From initial concept through deployment - The resources on this disk will guide you so the job gets done right the first time.
This is our premier product. This powerful installation tool contains complete vehicle installation wiring guides, vehicle wire colors, and diagrams for every car truck and SUV from 1979-2007.
*Designed to simplify installation of car alarms, remote starters, audio, video, and other aftermarket electrical systems
*Provides vehicle wire colors, locations, and polarity for all vehicles from 1979-2007
*Includes step-by-step installation instructions and tech notes
*The same program that is used by the professionals, but designed to also be suitable for novice installers
Complete List of Cars Find yours!
QUOTE
ACURA
1997-2004 CL
2002-2006 EL
1986-2001 Integra
1986-1995 Legend Sedan
1987-1995 Legend Coupe
2001-2006 MDX
1991-2005 NSX
1997-2002 NSX-T
2007-2007 RDX
1996-2007 RL
2002-2006 RSX
1996-2000 SLX
1995-2007 TL
2004-2007 TSX
1995-2006 Type S
1991-1994 Vigor
ALFA ROMEO
1990-1994 164
1984-1989 Graduate
1983-1986 GTV-6
1987-1989 Milano
1984-1992 Quadrifoglio
1987-1993 Spider Veloce
AMC
1983-1987 Alliance
1979-1981 AMX
1979-1983 Concord
1983-1987 Eagle
1984-1986 Encore
1987-1987 GTA
1979-1979 Pacer
1979-1983 Spirit
AUDI
1988-1992 80
1988-1994 90
1989-1994 100
1992-1993 100 Quatro
1989-1993 200
1992-1993 200 Quatro
1980-1987 4000
1980-1990 5000
1985-1988 5000 Quatro
1995-2007 A4
1995-2007 A6
2007-2007 A7
1997-2007 A8
2001-2004 Allroad
1995-1996 Cabriolet
1993-2002 S4
2002-2004 S6
2003-2003 S8
1999-2008 TT Coupe
1999-2008 TT Roadster
BMW
1995-2005 3 Series
1983-1994 318i
2002-2002 325ci
1984-1987 325e
1984-1987 325es
1984-1996 325i
1992-1996 325i Conv
1988-1991 325ic
1984-1996 325is
2002-2002 330ix
1991-2003 5 Series
1985-1986 524td
1989-1990 525i
1982-1988 528e
1983-1984 533i
1985-1991 535i
1987-1988 535is
1987-1988 535 M5
2006-2006 545
1984-1984 633csi
1985-1991 635csi
1998-2001 7 Series
1984-1984 733i
1985-1992 735i
1988-1992 735il
1993-1995 740i
1993-1995 740il
1988-1993 750il
1993-1998 8 Series
1991-1993 850i
1987-1987 L7
2003-2003 M3
1999-2002 M3 Coupe
1996-2002 M3 Roadster
2003-2003 M5
1987-1987 M6
2006-2007 X3
2001-2006 X5
1999-2002 Z3 Coupe
1996-2002 Z3 Roadster
1996-2002 Z3 Series
2003-2005 Z4 Series
2001-2003 Z8
BUICK
1981-2005 Century
1987-1990 Electra
2005-2007 Lacrosse
1983-2005 LeSabre
2006-2007 Lucerne
1985-2005 Park Ave
1997-2002 Park Ave Ultra
2004-2007 Rainier
1988-1991 Reatta
1988-2004 Regal
1978-1988 Regal (RWD)
2002-2007 Rendezvous
1979-1999 Riviera
1991-1996 Roadmaster
1983-1989 Skyhawk
1980-1998 Skylark
1985-1988 Somerset
2005-2007 Terraza
CADILLAC
1988-1993 Allante
1985-1995 Brougham
1997-2002 Catera
1982-1988 Cimarron
1994-1999 Concours
1980-1993 Coupe Deville
2003-2007 CTS
1987-2005 DeVille
2006-2007 DTS
1978-2002 Eldorado
1999-2007 Escalade
2003-2007 Escalade ESV
2002-2007 Escalade EXT
1980-1996 Fleetwood
1978-1993 Sedan Deville
1984-2004 Seville
2004-2007 SRX
2005-2007 STS
2004-2007 XLR
CHEVROLET
1985-2005 Astro
2002-2007 Avalanche
2004-2007 Aveo
1987-1996 Beretta
2004-2005 Blazer
1979-1994 Blazer Full Size
1978-2002 Camaro / Z28
1981-1996 Caprice
1982-2005 Cavalier
1981-1990 Celebrity
1983-1987 Chevette
1980-1985 Citation
2005-2007 Cobalt
2004-2007 Colorado
1987-1996 Corsica
1980-2007 Corvette
1980-1987 El Camino
2005-2007 Equinox
1997-2007 Express
1978-2007 Full Size Pickup
2006-2007 HHR
1981-2007 Impala
1994-1996 Impala SS
1990-2000 Lumina
1990-1996 Lumina APV
1980-2007 Malibu
2004-2005 Malibu Classic
2004-2007 Malibu Maxx
1999-2000 Metro
1980-2007 Monte Carlo
1985-1988 Nova
1999-2002 Prizm
1982-2004 S-10 Blazer
1982-2004 S-10 Pickup
2003-2007 Silverado
1985-1988 Spectrum
1987-1988 Sprint
2003-2006 SSR
1982-2007 Suburban
1995-2007 Tahoe
1999-2004 Tracker
2002-2007 Trailblazer
2005-2007 Uplander
1983-1998 Van
1997-2005 Venture
CHRYSLER
2005-2007 300
2005-2007 300C
1999-2006 300M
2007-2007 Aspen
1995-2000 Cirrus
1993-2004 Concorde
1980-1983 Cordoba
2004-2007 Crossfire
1983-1984 E Class
1983-1993 Fifth Avenue
1981-1993 Imperial
1988-1995 Lebaron Conv
1987-1994 Lebaron Coupe
1985-1988 Lebaron GTS
1983-1994 Lebaron Sedan
1993-2001 LHS
1979-1997 New Yorker
2004-2007 Pacifica
2001-2002 Prowler
2001-2007 PT Cruiser
1996-2008 Sebring Conv
1995-2006 Sebring Coupe
2001-2007 Sebring Sedan
1984-2007 Town & Country
2001-2003 Voyager
DAEWOO
1999-2002 Lanos
1999-2002 Leganza
1999-2002 Nubira
DAIHATSU
1988-1992 Charade
1990-1992 Rocky
DODGE
1983-1983 400
1983-1988 600
1995-2000 Avenger
2006-2007 Caliber
1984-2007 Caravan
1983-1983 Challenger
2006-2007 Charger
1984-1996 Colt
1984-1993 Colt Vista
1989-1991 Colt Wagon
1984-1989 Conquest
1987-2007 Dakota
1984-1993 Daytona
1983-1990 Diplomat
1998-2007 Durango
1988-1993 Dynasty
1984-2006 Grand Caravan
1993-2006 Intrepid
1985-1989 Lancer
2005-2007 Magnum
1980-1983 Mirada
1990-1992 Monaco
1995-2005 Neon
2007-2007 Nitro
1980-1990 Omni
1986-1989 Raider
1981-1993 Ram 50
1981-1993 Ram D50
1983-2005 Ram Full Size Pickup
2006-2007 RAM 1500
2006-2007 RAM 2500
2006-2007 RAM 3500
1983-2003 Ram Van
1983-1994 Ramcharger
1983-1984 Rampage
1987-1994 Shadow
1989-1995 Spirit
2003-2007 Sprinter
1991-1997 Stealth
1995-2000 Stratus
2001-2006 Stratus Coupe
2001-2006 Stratus Sedan
1996-2002 Viper GTS/RT/10
2003-2008 Viper SRT/10
EAGLE
1988-1988 Medallion
1988-1992 Premier
1989-1996 Summit
1989-1996 Summit Wagon
1990-1998 Talon
1993-1997 Vision
FERRARI
1983-1983 308
1988-1988 328
1992-1992 348
1990-1990 Testarossa
FORD
1986-1997 Aerostar
1995-1997 Aspire
1983-1996 Bronco
1984-1990 Bronco II
1995-2000 Contour
1983-2007 Crown Victoria
1983-2007 Econoline / E-Series
2007-2007 Edge
2001-2008 Escape
1981-2003 Escort
1997-2003 Escort ZX2
2000-2005 Excursion
1981-1985 E X P
1997-2007 Expedition
1989-2007 Explorer
2002-2003 Explorer Sport
2001-2006 Explorer Sport Trac
1988-1994 Festiva
2005-2007 Five Hundred
2000-2007 Focus
2004-2007 Freestar
2005-2007 Freestyle
2007-2007 Fusion
1979-1986 LTD
1979-2007 Mustang
1983-1996 F-Series
1997-2007 F-150
1997-2007 F-Series Super Duty
2006-2007 F-650
2006-2007 F-750
2006-2007 Fusion
2005-2006 GT
1979-1980 Pinto
1989-1997 Probe
1984-2007 Ranger
1986-2006 Taurus
1984-1994 Tempo
1980-1997 Thunderbird
2002-2005 Thunderbird II
1995-2003 Windstar
GEO
1989-1998 Metro
1989-1998 Prizm
1989-1989 Spectrum
1990-1993 Storm
1989-1998 Tracker
GMC
1983-1987 Caballero
2004-2007 Canyon
1991-1993 Cyclone
1999-2002 Denali
1999-2007 Envoy
2002-2007 Envoy XL
2004-2005 Envoy XUV
1978-1991 Full Size Jimmy
1981-2007 Full Size Pickup
1995-2001 Jimmy
1983-2001 S-15 Jimmy
1982-1994 S-15 Pickup
1985-2005 Safari
2003-2007 Savana / Van
2003-2007 Sierra / Sierra Denali
1991-2006 Sonoma
1982-2002 Suburban
1991-1993 Typhoon
1987-1995 Vandura
1992-2007 Yukon
2003-2007 Yukon Denali
2000-2007 Yukon XL
2003-2007 Yukon XL Denali
HONDA
1979-2007 Accord
2006-2007 Accord Hybrid
1980-2007 Civic
1993-1998 Civic Del Sol
1997-2007 CR-V / CRV
1985-1991 CRX
2003-2007 Element
2006-2007 FIT
2000-2006 Insight
1995-2007 Odyssey
1995-2003 Passport
2003-2007 Pilot
1983-2001 Prelude
2006-2007 Ridgeline
2000-2007 S2000
HUMMER
2002-2007 H1
2003-2007 H2
2006-2007 H3
HYUNDAI
1995-2007 Accent
2006-2007 Azera
1992-2007 Elantra
2007-2007 Entourage
1986-1994 Excel
2001-2007 Santa Fe
1991-1995 Scoupe
1989-2007 Sonata
1998-2007 Tiburon
2005-2007 Tuscon
2001-2002 XG300
2001-2003 XG350
INFINITI
2003-2007 FX35
2003-2007 FX45
1991-2002 G20
2003-2007 G35 Coupe
2003-2007 G35 Sedan
1996-2001 I30
2002-2005 I35
1993-1997 J30
1990-1992 M30
2006-2007 M35
2003-2007 M45
1990-2005 Q45
1996-2005 QX4
2004-2005 QX45
2004-2007 QX56
ISUZU
1989-2000 Amigo
2003-2007 Ascender
2001-2004 Axiom
1996-2002 Hombre
2006-2007 I-280
2006-2007 I-350
1982-1989 I-Mark
1984-1994 Impulse
1996-2000 Oasis
1981-1995 Pickup
1991-2004 Rodeo / Rodeo Sport
1991-2004 Rodeo Sport
1990-1994 Stylus
1988-2002 Trooper
1984-1991 Trooper II
1999-2002 Vehicross
JAGUAR
2000-2007 S-Type
2002-2007 X-Type
2004-2004 XJ-Series
1980-1997 XJ6
1986-1987 XJ6 III
1998-2003 XJ8
1994-1996 XJ12
1998-2003 XJR
1982-1996 XJS
1997-2006 XK8
2000-2006 XKR
JEEP
1983-2001 Cherokee
1997-2001 Cherokee Sport
2006-2007 Commander
2007-2007 Compass
1983-1986 CJ5
1983-1986 CJ7
1986-1992 Comanche
1993-2007 Grand Cherokee
1984-1994 Grand Wagoneer
2002-2007 Liberty
1983-1987 Pickup
1983-1986 Scrambler
1983-1990 Wagoneer
1987-2007 Wrangler
KIA
2004-2007 Amanti
2002-2003 Magentis
2001-2007 Optima
2001-2007 Rio / Rio5
2007-2007 Rondo
2002-2007 Sedona
1996-2002 Sephia
2003-2007 Sorento
2000-2007 Spectra
1995-2007 Sportage
LAND ROVER
1995-1995 4.0SE
1993-1997 Defender
1994-1999 Discovery
2000-2004 Discovery II
2002-2006 Freelander
2005-2006 LR3
1997-2005 Range Rover
LEXUS
1990-1991 ES 250
1992-2003 ES 300
2004-2007 ES 330
1993-2007 GS 300
1998-2000 GS 400
2001-2007 GS 430
2003-2007 GX 470
2006-2007 IS 250
2001-2005 IS 300
2006-2007 IS 350
1990-2000 LS 400
2001-2007 LS 430
2007-2007 LS 460
1996-1997 LX 450
1998-2007 LX 470
1999-2003 RX 300
2004-2007 RX 330
2006-2007 RX Hybrid
1992-2001 SC 300
1992-2001 SC 400
2002-2007 SC 430
LINCOLN
2003-2007 Aviator
2002-2002 Blackwood
1983-2002 Continental
2000-2006 LS
1988-1992 LSC
2006-2007 Mark LT
1980-1983 Mark VI
1984-1992 Mark VII
1993-1999 Mark VIII
2007-2007 MKX
2007-2007 MKZ
1997-2007 Navigator
1997-2007 Navigator L
1981-2006 Town Car
2006-2007 Zephyr
MASERATI
1974 Bora
MAZDA
1986-1996 323
1983-2002 626
1988-1996 929
2003-2007 B-Series Pickup
1979-1986 B2000
1982-1993 B2200
1994-1998 B2300
1998-2002 B2500
1987-1993 B2600
1994-2002 B3000
1994-2002 B4000
2007-2007 CX-7
1981-1983 GLC
1982-1985 GLC Wagon
2004-2007 Mazda3
2006-2007 MAZDASPEED3
2006-2007 Mazda5
2003-2007 Mazda6
2006-2007 MAZDASPEED6
1990-2007 Miata
1994-2002 Millenia
2002-2004 MP3 / Protege 5
1989-2006 MPV
1992-1996 MX-3
1990-2007 Miata MX-5
1988-1997 MX-6
1991-1995 Navajo
1990-2004 Prot?g?
1982-1996 RX7
2004-2007 RX-8
2001-2007 Tribute
MERCEDES BENZ
1984-1993 190D
1984-1993 190E
1979-1983 240D
1987-1988 260E
1979-1993 280CE
1979-1981 280E
1979-1979 300
1988-1992 300 Series
1980-1985 300CD
1980-1992 300D
1986-1993 300E
1983-1985 300SD
1986-1987 300SDL
1992-1992 300SE
1991-1991 300SL
1979-1987 300TD
1991-1992 350 Series
1985-1985 380SE
1982-1983 380SEL
1982-1985 380SL
1988-1992 400 Series
1992-1993 400E
1986-1991 420SEL
1988-1992 500 Series
1993-1993 500SEL
1991-1992 500SL
1986-1991 560SEC
1986-1991 560SEL
1986-1991 560SL
1994-2003 C Class
1994-1996 C220
1997-2000 C230
1994-2000 C280
1998-1999 CL Class
1998-2000 CLK Class
1996-2002 E Class
1995-1996 E300
1994-1996 E320
1993-1993 E320 Conv
1994-1996 E420
1994-1994 E500
2001-2006 ML Class
1998-2000 ML320
1999-2000 ML430
1994-2003 S Class
1994-1997 S320
1994-1997 S420
1994-1997 S500
1996-1996 S600
1998-1999 SL Class
1990-1992 SL300
1990-1995 SL500
1996-1996 SL600
1998-2002 SLK Class
1998-1998 Vito
MERCURY
1979-1980 Bobcat
1979-1994 Capri
1980-2002 Cougar
1980-2007 Grand Marquis
1982-1983 LN-7
1981-1987 Lynx
2003-2004 Marauder
2005-2008 Mariner
2006-2007 Milan
2005-2007 Montego
2004-2007 Monterey
1997-2007 Mountaineer
1995-2000 Mystique
1987-2005 Sable
1984-1994 Topaz
1987-1999 Tracer
1993-2002 Villager
MERKUR
1988-1989 Scorpio
1985-1988 XR4T1
MINI
2002-2007 Cooper
2002-2007 Cooper Conv
MITSUBISHI
1991-1999 3000GT
1983-1988 Cordia
1992-2005 Diamante
1989-2007 Eclipse
2004-2007 Endeavor
1992-1995 Expo
1985-2007 Galant
2003-2007 Lancer
2005-2007 Lancer Evolution
2004-2004 Lancer Sportback
1981-1996 Mighty Max
1985-2001 Mirage
2002-2002 Mirage Coupe
1987-2006 Montero
1997-2004 Montero Sport
2003-2006 Outlander
1987-1993 Precis
1990-1991 Sigma
1984-1989 Starion
1983-1988 Tredia
1987-1991 Van
1987-1991 Wagon
NISSAN
1980-1998 200SX
1989-1998 240SX
1979-1983 280ZX
1984-1996 300ZX
2003-2007 350Z
1993-2007 Altima
2004-2007 Armada
1989-1990 Axxess Van
1998-2007 Frontier
1982-2007 Maxima
2003-2007 Murano
1987-2007 Pathfinder
2004-2007 Pathfinder Armada
1980-1997 Pickup
1983-1994 Pulsar
1993-2007 Quest
1982-2007 Sentra
2001-2001 Skyline GTR
1982-1992 Stanza
1986-1988 Stanza Wagon
2004-2007 Titan
1987-1988 Van
2007-2007 Versa
2000-2007 Xterra
OLDSMOBILE
1992-1998 Achieva
1999-2004 Alero
1995-2003 Aurora
1991-2004 Bravada
1983-1992 Custom Cruiser
1997-1999 Cutlass
1985-1991 Cutlass Calais
1982-1996 Cutlass Ciera
1989-1995 Cutlass Cruiser
1981-1997 Cutlass Supreme
1983-1990 Delta 88
1991-1999 Eighty-Eight
1998-1999 Eighty-Eight LSS
1983-1988 Firenza
1998-2002 Intrigue
1983-1998 Ninety-Eight
1980-1984 Omega
1997-1999 Regency
1990-2004 Silhouette
1981-1992 Toronado
1990-1992 Touring Sedan
1989-1992 Trofeo
PLYMOUTH
1989-1995 Acclaim
1996-2000 Breeze
1985-1988 Caravelle
1992-1993 Colt Vista
1993-1994 Duster
1983-1989 Grand Fury
1980-1990 Horizon
1984-1994 Laser
1995-2001 Neon
1999-2000 Prowler
1983-1989 Reliant
1983-1983 Sapporo
1983-1983 Scamp
1987-1994 Sundance
1983-1987 Turismo
1983-2000 Voyager
PONTIAC
1981-1991 6000
1986-1989 6000 STE
2001-2005 Aztek
1980-2005 Bonneville
1984-1988 Fiero
1981-2002 Firebird
2007-2007 G5
2005-2007 G6
1985-2006 Grand AM
1980-2007 Grand Prix
2004-2007 GTO
1982-1987 J2000
1988-1993 LeMans
1998-2006 Montana
2004-2006 Montana SV6
1984-1986 Parisienne
1980-1984 Phoenix
1997-2000 Savana
2006-2007 Solstice
1984-1994 Sunbird
1995-2005 Sunfire
1983-1987 T1000
2006-2007 Torrent
1990-2000 Transport
2003-2007 Vibe
PORSCHE
1984-1988 911 Carrera
1989-1993 911 Carrera 2/4
1995-1998 911 Carrera 993
1999-2004 911 Carrera 996
1979-1983 911 SC
1979-1987 924
1979-1992 928
1979-1984 928 S
1983-1992 944
1992-1995 968
1997-2004 Boxster
SAAB
2005-2006 9-2X
1999-2007 9-3 Conv
1999-2007 9-3 Sports Sedan
2006-2007 9-3 SPORTCOMBI
1998-2007 9-5
2005-2007 9-7
2006-2007 9-7 / 9-7X SUV
1980-1998 900
1986-1993 900 Conv
1986-1996 9000
SATURN
2007-2007 Aura
1998-1999 Coupe
2003-2007 ION
2000-2005 L-Series
2005-2007 Relay
2006-2007 Relay2
2006-2007 Relay3
2000-2002 S-Series
1991-2002 SC Coupe
1998-1999 Sedan
2007-2007 SKY
2007-2007 SKY Conv Redline
1991-1997 SL Sedan
1993-1997 SW Wagon
2002-2007 Vue
1998-1999 Wagon
SCION
2004-2007 Scion xA
2004-2007 Scion xB
2005-2007 Scion tC
SUBURU
1982-1983 1600
1982-1984 1800
2006-2007 B9 Tribeca
2003-2007 Baja
1984-1987 Brat
1987-1989 Coupe
1984-1984 DL
1998-2007 Forester
1979-1981 General
1984-1984 GL
1985-1988 Hatchback
1995-2007 Impreza
1996-1999 Impreza Outback
1987-1993 Justy
1990-2007 Legacy
1995-1999 Legacy Outback
1990-1993 Loyale
1999-2007 Outback
2000-2002 Outback Sport
1985-1989 Sedan
1992-1997 SVX
2007-2007 SX4
1985-1989 Wagon
1985-1991 XT Coupe
1988-1991 XT-6
SUZUKI
2002-2007 Aerio
1995-2002 Esteem
2004-2007 Forenza
1999-2007 Grand Vitara
2005-2007 Reno
1986-1993 Samurai
1989-1999 Sidekick
1989-2001 Swift
2004-2006 Verona
1999-2004 Vitara
1996-1998 X-90
2001-2006 XL-7
TOYOTA
1984-2007 4Runner
1995-2007 Avalon
1983-2007 Camry
1999-2007 Camry Solara
1982-2005 Celica
1983-2007 Corolla
2003-2006 Corolla Matrix
1980-1994 Cressida
2000-2006 Echo
2006-2007 FJ Cruiser
2001-2007 Highlander
2006-2007 Highlander Hybrid
1979-2007 Land Cruiser
2003-2007 Matrix
1985-2005 MR2
1992-1998 Paseo
1982-1995 Pickup
1991-1997 Previa
2001-2005 Prius
1996-2007 RAV4
2001-2007 Sequoia
1998-2007 Sienna
1999-2007 Solara
1983-1984 Starlet
1982-1999 Supra
1993-1999 T100
1995-2007 Tacoma
1981-1999 Tercel
2000-2007 Tundra Access Cab
2000-2007 Tundra Double Cab
2000-2007 Tundra Standard Cab
1984-1989 Van
2006-2007 Yaris
VOLKSWAGEN
1998-2007 Beetle
1995-2002 Cabrio
1986-1993 Cabriolet
1990-1995 Corrado
1992-1992 Corrado
1993-2003 Euronvan
1987-1993 Fox
1985-2004 Golf
1993-1998 Golf III
1995-2007 GTI
1981-2007 Jetta
1991-2007 Passat
1982-1982 Quantum
2007-2007 Rabbit
1979-1988 Scirocco
1980-1991 Vanagon
VOLVO
1981-1993 240 Series
1985-1992 740 Series
1983-1990 760 Series
1987-1990 780
1993-1997 850
1991-1995 940 Series
1992-1997 960
1998-2004 C70
1999-2004 C70 Conv
2000-2007 S40
2001-2007 S60
1998-2000 S70
1999-2006 S80
1998-2000 S90
2000-2004 V40
2005-2007 V50
1998-2007 V70
1998-1999 V90
2003-2007 XC70
2003-2006 XC90
Download
CODE
http://rapidshare.com/files/55484672/12vElect.rar
Read More..
The Essentials Of Automobile Braking System
By Automotive Online
The braking system of an automobile is made up of mechanical parts which work in a coordinated fashion and 
assist in slowing down an automobile or completely stop it. Brakes work by creating friction between the moving parts of the vehicle and the brake components, thus regulating the speed of a vehicle. Based on the physics braking, brakes have to exert 4 times the energy of a moving vehicle in order to bring the automobile to a halt.
Different types of brakes are installed in automobiles of all kinds, trucks, trains, motorcycles, etc. Some common braking systems are: drum brakes (single leading edge), drum brakes (double leading edge), disc brakes, disc brakes (full-contact), power brakes, cross-linked brakes, hand brakes, hydraulic brakes and Anti lock Braking Systems (ABS). A braking system is perhaps the most important system in an automobile because it helps to keep the vehicle under control and keep the driver safe.
Braking Systems and Brake Components
From drum brakes to power-assisted brakes, braking systems have been critical to automobiles and have continuously evolved with them. Today many path braking technologies and brake components such as brake boosters, brake cylinders, brake hydraulic valve, brake lines, etc., lend a braking system high efficacy. They are also the key behind advanced braking systems such as the anti-lock braking system. The following are some braking systems and their components.
Disc Brakes
Disc brakes make use of friction generated between the disc attached to a wheel and the wheel itself, to slow or stop an automobile. Disc brakes comprise brake pads that serve as friction material and are fixed onto a device called a brake caliper. When the brake pedal is pushed by a driver the brake pads are mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or electromagnetically forced against both sides of the disc mounted on the wheels, thus regulating the speed.
Drum Brakes
Louis Renault is credited for inventing the modern drum brakes in 1902. Drum brakes regulate speed by causing friction between the wheels and a set of shoes or pads that push against the inside surface of a rotating drum. The drum is attached to the rotating wheels. Typically, drum brakes are classified as either leading/trailing or twin leading. Out of the two types, the twin leading drum brakes are more effective.
Hand Brakes
Hand brakes are latching brakes and are normally used to keep an automobile stationary, when not being driven. 
Also known as e-brake, emergency brake, park brake, parking brake or slide stick, the brakes are often configured on the floor and between front passenger and the driver. However, they can even be configured as a lever at the bottom of the dashboard, or as a foot-operated pedal. The brake comprises a cable that connects the braking system at one end and a lever on the other. The driver operates the hand-lever (or a pedal) to actuate or release the brake.
Power Brakes
A braking system employing power braking uses the engine's power and/or the power of batteries to assist the driver in braking. Although conventional brakes generate enough force to regulate the speed of an automobile, power brakes further enhance this power by supplementing it from other sources (i.e. engine/batteries), thus causing highly efficient braking. Some common types of power brakes are: air suspended brakes, vacuum suspended brakes, hydraulic booster and electro-hydraulic booster brakes.
Hydraulic Brakes
Hydraulic brakes consists of a braking mechanism that uses brake fluid, to apply the braking force from the controlling unit (viz. brake pedal) to the actual brake mechanism. Hydraulic brakes are based on a multiple piston system, wherein the brake pedal when pushed, produces an equivalent force on each of the output pistons, thus multiplying the force and cause efficient braking.
Brake Components
Brake Booster
A brake booster is a useful braking system component that enhances braking performance by augmenting the 
pressure applied when a brake pedal is pushed. When the engine is running it produces vacuum, a brake booster collects this vacuum through a rubber hose and uses it to amplify braking power. So even when the brake pedal is pushed only lightly it causes more braking action, thus making the brakes more sensitive.
Brake Pedal
A brake pedal is a foot operated pedal, that when pushed by the drivers, moves a piston in the master brake cylinder to regulate the speed of an automobile.
Brake Cylinder
An automobile's brake cylinder or a wheel cylinder is a component found in drum brake systems. Installed at each of the wheels, its function is to exert pressure onto the shoes so as to enable a contact between the shoes and the drum, thus actuating a braking action.
Other Brake Components
Other essential brake components include, Brake Hydraulic Valve, Brake Lines, Brake Pedal, Brake Pumps, Brake Roll and Wheel Studs.
Buying Tips
1. Always prefer new auto parts instead of used ones.
2. Choose your suppliers carefully, establish a reasonable level of trust towards a supplier, through referrals, testimonial, or certifications.
3. Be wary of suppliers offering products at extraordinarily low prices.
4. Ensure the specifics of the products you require from the supplier, before placing the order, a sample inspection is often the best way to do it.
5. You need to understand the terms and conditions including warranties and guarantees associated with the supplies you order.
Industry Outlook
In the wake of rising gas prices worldwide, many manufacturers within the automobile industry have scaled down production of new automobiles, especially the bigger vehicles like the State Utility Vehicles (SUVs). Consequently, the autoparts industry too has taken a hit. Nevertheless, the demand for automotive parts such as braking system and its components still exists, albeit lowered.
In 2006, the market for friction products and materials was worth $6.9 billion in North America, however this figure dipped by a small margin in 2007 and was valued at $6.8 billion.
Off late the brake system designers have been pressed to produce better systems in terms of a higher performance and newer, more effective materials that weigh less, but without increased costs for manufacturing. Experiments with materials novel to the braking industry viz. aluminum or ceramic discs have already been conducted.
Another prevailing trend is to incorporate more of electronics into the braking systems. Electro-hydraulic braking (EHB) and electro-mechanical braking (EMB), though still in their nascence, are some exemplars to the trend.
Forecasts suggest that by the end of 2012, the friction products and materials market in North America would be worth 7.7 billion in at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.6%. Although, these materials are used by other industries viz. aerospace and aircraft, the largest share in the market's total value would be that of automobiles.
Read More..
Automobile Cooling System Explained
By Automotive Online
An automobile's cooling system is the collection of parts and substances (coolants) that work together to maintain the engine's temperature at optimal levels. Comprising many different components such as water pump, coolant, a 
thermostat, etc, the system enables smooth and efficient functioning of the engine at the same time protecting it from damage.
While it's running, an automobile's engine generates enormous amounts of heat. Each combustion cycle entails thousands of controlled explosions taking place every minute inside the engine. If the automobile races on and the heat generated within isn't dissipated, it would cause the engine to self-destruct. Hence, it is imperative to concurrently remove the waste heat. While the waste heat is also dissipated through the intake of cool air and exit of hot exhaust gases, the engine's cooling system is explicitly meant to keep the temperature within limits.
The cooling system essentially comprises passages inside the engine block and heads, a pump to circulate the coolant, a thermostat to control the flow of the coolant, a radiator to cool the coolant and a radiator cap controls the pressure within the system.
In order to achieve the cooling action, the system circulates the liquid coolant through passages in the engine block and heads. As it runs through, the coolant absorbs heat before returning to the radiator, to be cooled itself. Next, the cooled down coolant is recirculated and the cycle continues to maintain the engine's temperature at the right levels.
Engine Cooling System Components
A number of different constituents enable smooth operation of the automobile's cooling system. Some of the most essential ones are explained below.
Engine Cooling Fluids
An engine coolant is a fluid which flows through the engine and prevents it from overheating by transferring the heat generated by the engine to other components that either make use of it or dissipate it. Features of an ideal coolant entail a high low viscosity, thermal capacity, has chemical inertness and is low-cost. Further, it should neither cause or promote corrosion of the cooling system.
Water Cooling Systems
A water cooling system accomplishes the cooling action with the help of water. There are various components 
that make up the cooling system are the Air Blower, Cooling Fans, Radiator Pressure Caps, Water Pipes, Coolant Hoses, Radiator Parts, Radiators and Water Pumps. Each of these components plays an essential role. For instance, the radiator cools the coolant so that it can be reused, the water pump pumps the coolant through the system via water pipes, the Air Blower draws air through the radiator to achieve the cooling action, etc.
Valves
The cooling system valves have an essential role to play. An engine's cooling system for an internal combustion engine utilizing liquid coolant, includes a liquid coolant filled radiator and engine "water" jacket, a radiator cap to pressurize the radiator, a coolant pump and a thermostat. While the thermostat determines when it is appropriate to either prohibit coolant flow or to allow coolant flow between the engine or radiator, the valve assembly act like a door that opens up and closes as required.
Cooling System Gaskets
The cooling system for engines include a cylinder block defining a water jacket with in it, which has a an inlet. Further, a water pump housing is attached to the the cylinder block, and a water pump suction cover is fixed to the housing and sealed upon it by a gasket. The gasket plays an important role of projecting the water into the water jacket inlet so as to guide water within the system.
Aluminum Housing
A water pump housing entails a construction that supports the casing of a driven water pump within the cooling system. The housing plays the vital role of installing the pump and keeping it in position.
Buying Tips
1. Always prefer new auto parts instead of used ones.
2. Choose your suppliers carefully, establish a reasonable level of trust towards a supplier, through referrals, testimonial, or certifications.
3. Be wary of suppliers offering products at extraordinarily low prices.
4. Ensure the specifics of the products you require from the supplier, before placing the order, a sample inspection is often the best way to do it.
5. You need to understand the terms and conditions including warranties and guarantees associated with the supplies you order.
Industry Overview
Cooling systems are slated to evolve very fast during the coming years, for the most part due to several demands placed on manufacturers pertaining to stricter emission standards, pedestrian safety laws and for and increased pressure to achieve low fuel consumption. The automobile industry to brace up for all these and more challanges.
In addition, there the demand for making cooling systems compact than ever in order to better utilize the space inside the hood. Moreover, not only are all these demands simultaneous, that makes them challenging, but it is also the fact that all of it has to be achieved at costs that are acceptable.
Accommodating each of the demands will undoubtedly lead manufacturers to bring forth innovative designs. For instance, if the packaging space is to be reduced by a good margin in the vehicle front-end, then it is naturally essential to develop more efficient and tinier heat exchangers. Furthermore, almost all components would need to be redesigned to meet the specifications, be it the thermostats, the pumps, valves, etc.
Even concerns for pedestrian safety, which have gained momentum around the world recently, especially in Europe would require the manufacturers to rethink not just the automobile's engine but other components within the hood as well. Experts opine that the automakers would need improve the performance density of the engines' cooling modules and achieve the same performance with smaller units.
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Automobile Transmission System - A Brief Outline
By Automotive Online
Automobile transmission system refers to the assembly of gears and associated automotive components by means of which the power of the engine is multiplied and transmitted to the driving axle. It is also the system through which a driver shifts gears by the action of her hand on the gear lever or gearstick. A manual transmission system is known by several different terms such as standard transmission, stick shift, stick, or straight drive.
With the transmissions featuring a driver-operated clutch and a movable gear selector, most of them enable the driver to select any of the forward gears at any time. However in some cases such as the ones installed on motorcycles and some types of racing cars, the driver can only switch to the next-highest or next-lowest gear.
Automobile transmission can either be manual or automatic. The manual transmissions feature different gear ratios which can be switched to by engaging pairs of gears inside the transmission. On the other hand the automatic transmissions typically have gears controlled by brake bands or clutch packs for selecting a gear ratio. Another category of transmission is the semi-automatic transmission, which allows the driver to select the current gear manually.
Although, the current automobile transmissions comprise a set of four to six forward gears with a reverse gear, but automobiles with manual transmission consisting of eight forward gears have also been built. Manual, Automatic, Non-synchronous, Continuously variable, Semi-automatic, Infinitely variable, Hydrostatic, Electric variable, Electric and Hydrodynamic are some other types of automobile transmission systems.
Transmission System Components
The transmission system of an automobile is a complex piece of machinery and there are a number of different components that work in conjunction with each other to make it work. Some essential parts of the system are explained below.
Automotive Gears and Gear Parts
Automotive gears form the basic element of a transmission system transmitting rotational force to another device or gear. The difference between a gear and a pulley is that a gear is a round wheel with linkages, also called the "cogs" or "teeth," which mingle with other gear teeth to completely transfer the force. There are many different types of gears and based on their design and arrangement, they can transmit forces at different speeds, torques, different directions, from the source of power.
Clutch
Clutch is an essential component of the transmission system that interrupts power transmission. It is installed between the engine and gearbox of an automobile. Clutches are made up of two rotating shafts. Of which one shaft is usually driven by a motor or pulley, while the other drives is meant to drive a
device. A clutch links the two shafts in such a way that they can either be engaged (rotate at the same speed) or be disengaged (spin at different speeds). Clutches are often classified as single plate friction clutch, mostly used in automobiles and trucks, or the multiple plate friction clutch, installed mostly in diesel engines and motorcycles. Further, they can also be classified as “wet” or “dry” depending on whether they are immersed in a lubricating fluid or not.
Gear Shifters
Gear shifters are a part of the gearbox which comprises shift forks and links the transmission controls at the drivers end to the synchronization. Thus enabling the driver to choose a gear ratio. Sometimes, to automatize gear shifters, different types of actuators such as a pneumatic, hydraulic, or electric actuators are used based on the space available around the drivetrain as well as the car type.
Output Shaft
Output shaft is a shaft that transfers motion from a primary mover to the part that's driven. In case of automobiles, the shaft transmits torque from the transmission.
Torque Converters
Torque converter is a type of coupling that is used to transmit rotating power from the automobile engine or the electric motor to a rotating driven load. In its simple application it can serve as a mechanical clutch engaging or disengaging the load from the power source. However, in its advanced application it can even be used to multiply torque if there's a lot of difference between input and output speed or rotation.
Transmission Axles
The term transmission axle refers to the central shaft for rotating the gears of an 
automobile. An integral component of the transmission system, it is sometimes positioned with a bearing or bushing inside the hole in the gears, thus enabling the gear to rotate around it.
Other essential components of the transmission system include parts such as Universal Joints, Differential, Torque Converters, etc.
Buying Tips
You can ensure quality automotive part supplies through the following buying tips.
1. Always prefer new auto parts instead of used ones.
2. Choose your suppliers carefully, establish a reasonable level of trust towards a supplier, through referrals, testimonial, or certifications.
3. Be wary of suppliers offering products at extraordinarily low prices.
4. Ensure the specifics of the products you require from the supplier, before placing the order, a sample inspection is often the best way to do it.
5. You need to understand the terms and conditions including warranties and guarantees associated with the supplies you order.
Industry Overview
Owing to the competition in the automotive industry increasingly attaining global levels, there is an immense pressure on the manufacturers to reduce costs. Further, a feature peculiar to the transmission industry is that transmission parts are investment intensive, hence it is more likely to feel the heat of global competition.
In addition, both economic and environmental concerns warrant that development of transmission system needs of be geared towards reduced fuel consumption as well as emissions, thus bringing them in line with the market dynamics.
At present about 80 percent of transmissions are developed by the car manufacturers themselves. However, experts opine that if auto part manufacturers begin to share licenses it could lead to a production of 93 million transmission by 2015, as compared to 69 million today.
Furthermore, increased mobility is also the need of the hour as car production too is estimated to increase by a big measure. For instance, at present there are about 800 million cars around the world, but by 2020 this figure would swell to a staggering 1.1 billion, witnessing a growth of 15 percent per year.
There are several upcoming markets in the automotive industry including Brazil, Russia India and China, which would also be the markets of tomorrow for the transmission industry.
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Automobile Electrical System – A Condensed Overview
By Automotive Online
Automobile Electrical System refers to the set up within a vehicle that supplies electricity to the crank for starting and running the engine. Additionally, it powers the lighting system and other electrical gadgets within the automobile.
An automobile's electrical system typically comprises starting motor & controls, batteries, wiring, electronic ignition, generator and voltage regulator,and electronic fuel metering.
Today's cars however are much more sophisticated and house a computerized electrical system and a lot many devices such as radios and sound systems powered by the electrical system.
The fundamental components of a car's electrical system is the battery. It's the battery coupled with an alternator that supply electricity. The battery houses electrical charge to start the car. The alternator on the other hand produces electric current while the engine is running, thereby recharging the battery and also producing the power needed to run the remaining electrical devices.
Automotive Electrical System Components
There are a number of parts that work in tandem to make the whole system work. Some of these essential components are described below.
Armature
Armature is the principal power-producing component of alternator, generator, dynamo within the car's electrical system. An automobile armature's role is twofold. First is to generate an electromotive force and secondly to carry current crossing the electrical field, to create the necessary shaft torque.
Automobile Battery
Automobile batteries are a type of rechargeable batteries that meet all of the automobile's electric energy. The 
batteries usually refer to SLI battery used in powering the Starting - Lighting – Ignition systems including starter motor, the lights, engine. However, they may refer to traction batteries, which are the primary source of power for electric vehicles. Automotive batteries typically provide a 12-volt potential difference by connecting six galvanic cells in series. Batteries produce electric current when due to chemical reactions inside it there a flow of electrons through the conductors. There are several types of lead-acid batteries in use today, such as Calcium-Calcium, Wet/Flooded, AGM, MF, GEL, VRLA, Vlies, Hybrid, etc.
Automobile Ignition System
Ignition system refers to an arrangement of automotive components which work together to ignite the a fuel-air mixture inside the engine's cylinder. When it was invented for use in internal combustion engines, a flame, or a heated tube, was used to ignite the fuel-air mixture. Later, however these were replaced by systems that made use of an electric spark. Timing is critical for their effective functioning, if the timing of that spark is missed even by a small fraction of a second, it would cause the engine to malfunction. Several types of ignition systems exist, some of the most common types are Distributorless ignition system, Electronic ignition system and Point-type ignition system.
Automobile Starting System
An automobile's starting system is perhaps the most critical of an automobile's electrical system. Once the ignition switch is turned on the starting system comes into play. Beginning with the automobile's battery, a small amount of charge flows to the Starter Selenoid via the Neutral Safety Switch. This action enables a flow of high currant to the starter motor through the battery's cables. Consequently, the starter motor cranks the engine and the combustion cycle begins.
Automotive Electrical Wiring
Automotive electrical wires are a single, cylindrical, elongated string of drawn metal, used to to carry electricity and electrical signals. The wires within the automobile's electrical system enable circuits which are in turn used to run wipers, heater fan, head lights, tail lights, stop lights, stereo, alarm and all other electrical and electronic devices. Based on their use and functioning electrical wires come in different types. For instance, Ignition circuit, Starting circuit, Charging circuit, Accessory circuit, Lighting circuit, all of which work with different types of wires.
Charging system
Charging system refers to the set of components viz. alternators, rectifier, regulators, that help recharge the battery. The system is essential for running the car's lights, radio, heaters, and other useful gadgets. A typical charging system comprises the voltage regulator, the batteries, and the alternator. While the alternator generates electric currant, the regulator checks any excess or deficit in the supply of currant. The batteries on the other hand serve as a repository of electric charge, coming into play whenever the alternator gets overloaded in addition to supplying power to the automobile's accessories.
Spark Plugs
A spark plug is an electrical component that's installed at the cylinder head of of an automobile's engine, the function of which is to ignite the compressed air and gas mixture by providing an electric spark. The construction of spark plugs entails an insulated center electrode attached with a heavily insulated wire to the ignition coil. It is designed to form a grounded terminal on the base of the plug with a spark gap lying inside the cylinder.
Buying Tips For Automobile Electrical System Parts
You can ensure quality automotive part supplies through the following buying tips.
1. Always prefer new auto parts instead of used ones.
2. Choose your suppliers carefully, establish a reasonable level of trust towards a supplier, through referrals, testimonial, or certifications.
3. Be wary of suppliers offering products at extraordinarily low prices.
4. Ensure the specifics of the products you require from the supplier, before placing the order, a sample inspection is often the best way to do it.
5. You need to understand the terms and conditions including warranties and guarantees associated with the supplies you order.
Industry Overview
Auto electrical system industry includes trading of parts such as General Service components e.g. spark plugs and electrical parts viz. wiring, tune-up kits, switches; filters (oil, air and gas); belts and hoses; batteries; engine accessories viz. carburetors, alternators, oil and water pumps, speed control.
A number of factors influence the the automobile electrical systems market, most significant of these are include safety, cost pressures, and environmental concerns. Now the electrical system industry and the automotive industry as a whole is under constant pressure to improve fuel consumption at the same time cut emissions. Popularity and production of a number of hybrid and electric vehicles are a testament to this emerging trend.
Aside from the economic influences, technological expectation have also scaled up over the years. Experts predict that there will be large increases in the electrical power requirements of automobiles. Most of this demand would be driven by the introduction of new functions like the active suspension and the electrification of currant functions, such as engine valves and power steering.
As a consequence, a higher voltage than the present system of 12 Vdc would be needed, which calls for the industry's transition to new system designs. In fact estimates reveal that around 50% of electrical and electronic convenience features available in today's automobiles didn't exist even 10 years Back, e.g. remote keyless entry, multimedia systems, rear seat entertainment, telephones, etc. And the industry should see more of such developments taking place at an increased rate.
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Automobile Engine - The Basics
Simply put, an automobile engine is a motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work in order to propel an automobile. The engines commonly used in automobiles are internal combustion engines wherein fuel viz. gasoline and air mixture burns in an enclosure known as the combustion chamber. Consequently, this blast or chemical reaction produces gases at high temperature and pressure. As these gases expand with force, their energy is used to perform mechanical work to drive the vehicle.
The functioning of an engine is cyclic. Different sets of engine components must move in a controlled and a coordinated fashion to keep a vehicle in motion. The set of repetitive movements is called the engine cycle. A typical 4-stroke engine cycle entails the following stages or strokes:
1.Intake stroke: Wherein air and fuel are drawn in to the combustion chamber.
2.Compression stroke: In this stage the vaporized fuel and air are compressed and then ignited.
3.Combustion stroke: It is a phase in which the fuel burns releasing energy and pushing the piston.
4.Exhaust stroke: This stage is marked by expulsion of waste gases (exhaust) and heat.
Engines of cars and trucks involve several such processes occurring one after the other depending upon the type of engine viz. 4-cylinder, 6-cylinder engine, or 8-cylinder engine etc. Usually, the more the number of cylinders, greater is the power generated.
A number of essential engine parts enable the automobile engine to work well. For, instance a typical four-stroke engine's key components include connecting rods, pistons, crankshaft, spark plugs, valves, crankpins, camshafts, cylinders, etc.
Automobile Engine Components
Components and subsystems that are the bedrock of an engine are numerous. Some common ones are described below.
Camshaft
A camshaft is an automotive part that operates the poppet valves (the valves used to open and close the intake and exhaust ports within the cylinder head). Structurally, it is made up of a cylindrical rod and a number of oblong lobes or cams jutting out from it. There's a separate cam for each of the valve. As the cams move that force open the valves when the press on them and also close them by a similar mechanism.
Crankshaft
Also nicknamed as the crank, a crankshaft converts the to-and-fro motion of the piston into rotary motion so as to transfer the power to the transmission. A typical crankshaft comprises crank throws/crankpins and bearing surfaces to which the connecting rods from cylinders are attached.
Connecting rod
In an automobile engine the connecting rod also called a conrod joins the piston to the crank or crankshaft and aids in transmitting the force and motion from the piston. Subjected to heavy stress, conrods are often made of steel, or Aluminum, or Titanium.
Cylinder Head
The cylinder head is positioned at the top of the engine block is the and contains a platform containing part of the combustion chamber as well as the location of the valves and 
sparkplugs. In case of an overhead valve head, the top half of the cylinder head houses the camshaft or another mechanisms viz. rocker arms and pushrods that aid in transfer rotational motion from the crankshaft to linear motion used to operate the valves.
Crankcase
In an automobile engine, the crankcase refers to the housing meant for the crankshaft. A crankcase is the largest cavity in the engine, which is separated from the cylinders by the reciprocating pistons. Aside from protecting the crankshaft and connecting from foreign objects, based on the type of engine it accomplishes other functions as well.
Engine Block
Also known as the cylinder block, it is a machine casting or at times a compilation of modules comprising cylindrical holes for housing the pistons of an engine, or for a similar devices such as pumps. Complicated in design, it forms the bedrock for mounting of other critical engine parts including crankcase, cylinder head, drive housing, engine mounts, engine ancillaries, passages for coolants, lubricants, etc.
Piston
A piston is an important component of an automobile engine. Positioned inside a cylinder it is made gas-tight by 
means of piston rings. Its purpose is to transfer the force of expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft through a piston rod and/or connecting rod.
Buying Tips
You can ensure quality automotive part supplies through the following buying tips.
1. Always prefer new auto parts instead of used ones.
2. Choose your suppliers carefully, establish a reasonable level of trust towards a supplier, through referrals, testimonial, or certifications.
3. Be wary of suppliers offering products at extraordinarily low prices.
4. Ensure the specifics of the products you require from the supplier, before placing the order, a sample inspection is often the best way to do it.
5. You need to understand the terms and conditions including warranties and guarantees associated with the supplies you order.
Industry Overview
Companies world over, involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing and sale of motor vehicles constitute the automotive industry. Automotive industry is large and growing. In 2007, over 73 million motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced around the world. Of which 22.9 million were produced in Europe, 19.4 million in USA and Canada, 4.4 million in Latin America, 21.4 million in Asia-Pacific, 1.4 million in Africa and 2.4 million in the Middle East.
Off late, while the markets in North America and Japan haven't grown fast, the emerging markets of South America and Asia, including Russia, Brazil and China have witnessed remarkable growth.
Automobile engines are at the heart of the industry and several trends will drive the production of automotive engines of the future. Responding to the various social, economic, environmental, political and technical factors, the engine design and development is geared towards fuel efficient and low emission engines. Additionally, engines driven by alternative fuels viz. hybrids, CNG, Hydrogen, Electricity are gaining ground and are attracting attention. The future of engine design will also be determined by need for building sustainable transport systems.
(www.automotive-online.com)
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Honda's Insight: Make Hybrids Affordable!
The New Vehicle Is Expected To:
- Be at the forefront of fuel efficiency.
- Have a roomy five passenger cabin.
- Be offered as a hatchback with a five-door access.
- Have folding rear seats.
The dynamics of the automotive industry have changed, and it's best if the auto manufacturers themselves initiate moving towards technologies that are in line with the consumers' demand as well as environmental interests. Which for now seem to have merged pretty much.
Meanwhile the Automobile Buyers' Hunting Ground have also changed, and that it's the Vehicle's Quality, Which Dictates Customer Satisfaction!
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AutoEvent: Paris Motor Show 2008
Initiated by the industry pioneer, Albert de Dion in 1898, the Paris Motor Show or the "Mondial de l'Automobile," is one of the biggest automotive trade events in the world. A bi-annual event, with the last being held in 2006, 72 world premieres were launched by car manufacturers during the event.
This year's show is to be held from October 4 to 19. And not to mention that this time too, expectations are high and a number of innovative products are expected to greet the visitors.
Popularity & Reach
The auto event's popularity is unparalleled, in 2006 over 11,000 journalists flocked over to the venue from about 100 countries. It's a one stop destination for professionals from the whole industry and around the world to visit the show, meet automotive manufacturers and service providers. Not only businesses, but the general public too is attracted in large numbers. Hence the show caters whole-heartedly to the automotive trade industry in several ways, such as for product launches, services marketing, image building exercises, marketing experiments and PR. All of which makes it a truly happening automotive marketplace.
Exhibitors' Profile
Traditionally the exhibitors have included manufacturers of private vehicles, "niche" automakers, the main vehicle equipment manufacturers around the world, topnotch designers and some of the best service providers. Some examples of the profile of exhibitors include private cars manufacturers, manufacturers of utility/company vehicles, fitters of utility vehicles, mini cars manufacturers, designers, equipment manufacturers, car parts dealers, insurance companies, driving schools, tuners & manufacturers of automotive accessories, etc.
Some automobile premieres to show up at the event have have already created a lot of buzz. Honda Insight Concept Hybrid, a five-passenger hybrid going on sale in the U.S. next spring is proposed to be marketed at a price much below than today's hybrids. An All-new Ford Ka will also debut at the Motor Show. Similarly, Subaru would unveil the boxer turbo diesel engine.
To learn more about the auto trade event, kindly visit my blog Automobile Hotspot.
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Car Maintenance advice
by martin davis
But there is not only advice available for carrying out general maintenance of your car there are some sites which offer advice about washing, cleaning and doing detailing or pin striping on the vehicle also. However in this article we are going to be taking a look at some of the more essential car maintenance jobs that one should be learning about and trying to do for oneself. Certainly by doing these jobs yourself you could end up saving yourself money each year because no longer will you need to pay a mechanic to do them for you.
Every 5,000 miles it is a good idea to rotate the tires on your car as well, which means swapping those on the left for those on the right. Plus when taking off the tires remove any dust that has accumulated on the brakes. This is crucial because the dust contains all sorts of objects which if left on can actually prevent them from working as effectively as they should. To clean the brakes all you need is a damp sponge which has been dipped into clean cold water.
When it comes to checking the pressure in the tires this should be done once a week. Low tire pressure can have an effect on the fuel economy of your car and it will prove difficult to handle and the ride won’t be as comfortable. Checking tire pressure is very simple to do and certainly you have no excuse for not doing it. Whilst checking the tire pressure it is also a good idea to check the depth of the tread on the tire. Once it falls below a certain level then this is time to arrange to get the tires replaced.
Today actually checking the depth of the tread on a tire has become even simpler as most come with wear bars built into them. As soon as you notice the first part of the wear bar beginning to show through on the tire then you know it is time to get it replaced. It is far better if you replace all tires at the same time although it may be expensive it could end up saving you money in the long term.
Another task which you can learn how to do for yourself is to check the various belts which run around certain pulleys in the engine. Unfortunately these belts are likely to perish as they are placed under very extreme pressure and if not replaced and break can lead to serious engine problems which may cost considerable more than the few pounds the belt cost to be repaired. It is best if you can’t check the belts yourself you arrange a mechanic to do so every 25,000 miles and then get them replaced every 50,000 miles.
Another task which you yourself can carry out when it comes to car maintenance is to check the oil level. Again this should be done regularly ideally every week or month would be ideal. If there is too much or too little oil in the engine this can lead to problems later on. When you are checking the level of the oil in the engine it is best that you do so when the car is parked on a level surface. Also never do the check when the engine is hot after just being driven but do it either when the engine has cooled down or is cold.
Finding the oil dipstick shouldn’t be a problem the manual for the vehicle should show you exactly where it is located in relation to the engine. Take it out and then wipe with a dry clean cloth and then put back in making sure that it has been pushed all the way in. The reason you need to wipe the stick after pulling it out initially is because the whole stick will be covered in oil. Now pull it out and check the level of oil by looking at the marks on stick. The high and low oil level marks will either be denoted by dots or dashes on the stick or by the letters H and L.
Another thing you should be regularly checking in your car when it comes to maintenance of it is how much coolant there is. Again you will need to look in the car manual to discover where the coolant reservoir is actually situated in the engine bay of your car. Generally it is bolted on a side of the engine bay and the bottle is normally semi-transparent.
As with checking the oil level when doing this particular car maintenance task you need to allow the engine to be cooled before you check it. On the outside there will be markings showing the low and high levels and ideally there should be enough coolant in the reservoir that sits between the two of these. The reason why you don’t check the levels of coolant in your vehicle whilst the engine is still hot is the one in the radiator is going to be hot and if you take off the cap to check it then steam will be released which can end up burning you.
Top Ten Tips on Car Finance
Along with buying a house another major investment that many people face today is purchasing a vehicle. Certainly with the cost of fuel on the increase buying a car that provides everything that one needs but is also economical is crucial today. In this article we offer the top ten tips on car finance so that you get the best deal possible when purchasing a new or used vehicle.
Tip 1 â€" Set a Budget â€" Once you have decided just how much you are willing to spend on your dream vehicle then you need to make sure that you stick with it. It is important when setting your budget you make a list of the features that you want your car to have. Do you want one with a large boot? Do you want one that provides ample room for all the family to be seated in it comfortably and safely? Are you after a diesel, petrol or a hybrid car?
Tip 2 â€" Do Some Research â€" The internet is the best place to look for information on the kinds of cars you are considering buying including what sort of price you can expect to pay for them. This information can also be found in magazines but by going online you can do it for free and it can all be done in the comfort of your own home. As you do carry out your research look for information relating to any manufacturers recalls on a vehicle. Plus check out when certain tasks need to be carried out such as the changing of the cam belt as this can prove to be a very expensive repair.
Tip 3 â€" Speak to Friends â€" If your friends or someone else you know has the car that you are considering buying then ask them for their opinion on it. Ask them not just how well it does in relation to fuel consumption but how reliable the car is also.
Tip 4 â€" Compare The Prices â€" Along with looking through local newspapers search online so that you can compare the prices of the cars you are interested in. If you are going to be purchasing a used car then avoid those which have high mileage on the clock as they tend to need a lot more time being spent on maintaining them. Plus if the vehicle is no longer in production then it may well prove difficult to get replacement parts for it. Another way of comparing prices if you have time is to spend time going around a few local car dealers close to where you live.
Tip 5 â€" Getting Your Car Finance Arranged â€" It is important that you spend time checking out several different sources for obtaining the finance you need to purchase your car. If you are purchasing a brand new vehicle it is not always ideal to go with the financing that the dealer can offer, sometimes through arranging your own you can actually haggle with them to get the price you actually pay for the vehicle brought down.
Although you may look at several different places to obtain your financing for the car from it is important that you don’t apply to them all as this will end up damaging your credit rating. A poor credit rating and you may well find that you cannot get the sum of money you want in order to purchase the car of your dreams.
Tip 6 â€" Take The Car for a Test Drive â€" Although you may think you don’t need to, it is sensible to take the car you are considering purchasing whether brand new or used for at least a 20 minute test drive. This way you can not only be sure that you will feel comfortable when driving it but will also be able to handle it as well. Plus it gives you a chance to see if there are any problems (especially with used cars) that may well end up costing you more to get repaired in the future.
However, before you take it for a test drive then get the bonnet up and check the engine when cold. It is also crucial that you test drive the car from cold as this will help you to clearly identify any future mechanical issues. Plus after testing it and you have returned to the starting point make sure that you test that all components within the car such as electric windows, heated seats, radio etc. are working.
Tip 7 â€" Buying a Car Online â€" If you intend to purchase a car through an online auction site then make sure that you ask the seller for as much information on the vehicle as you possibly. If they state they have a complete service history then ask them to provide you with proof of such. Most will be able to e-mail or fax the information that you want to you. Also carry out some research into the seller also. Look closely at the feedback they have received previously.
Tip 8 â€" Warranties â€" If you are purchasing a new or used vehicle from a dealer then see what warranties it comes with. It is crucial that you actually look at the documentation relating to the warranty so you know exactly what and what isn’t covered under it.
If you are buying a used car and the dealer offers just a basic warranty package for the vehicle, see if for paying a little more that they can upgrade it to something a little more substantial. Although you may have to pay an extra few dollars for such it may well save you money in the future.
Tip 9 â€" Getting Everything Documented â€" It is crucial when buying any car that you get everything put in writing in relation to the warranty agreement and any work that needs to be carried out prior to you getting the keys. Otherwise if you don’t you won’t have any recourse should you find that what was meant to be done hasn’t been.
Tip 10 â€" Getting The Keys â€" The majority of modern cars today will come with central locking that is operated by an electronic remote control or key. When you finally do take possession of your vehicle then make sure that you get both sets of keys for it. Remember to keep the second set safe and secure at home.
How Hydrogen Fuel Cell Cars Can Give You the Gas Mileage Improvements You Have Been Looking For
Gas prices may have dropped by a couple of cents over the last few days but with the current trends you can bet that it won't be long before they go up yet again. The days of cheap oil and gasoline are sadly a thing of the past. So if you have any sense you should still be looking for ways to make gas mileage improvements on your vehicles by any means that you can. Along with the latest and most promising ways to improve gas mileage and get more mpg are the hydrogen fuel cell cars.
Hydrogen fuel cell cars are just standard cars that have been converted to use water as a supplement to ordinary gasoline. This is achieved with the use of a DIY hydrogen fuel cell or (homemade hydrogen generator), a small device that provides HHO gas. This HHO gas is then mixed with the ordinary gasoline + air mixture in your cars engine. As this mixture of gases burns with a lot more efficiency and power it gives you fantastic gas mileage improvements. (Notice that I said "supplement" as there are some claims out there that suggest you can run your cars on water alone, which is ridiculous)
One of the best things about hydrogen fuel cell cars (apart from the great gas mileage improvements you get) is that you can convert your existing vehicle easily and cheaply. You do not need to take it to a garage or have a mechanic working on it for days on end. With just a few inexpensive parts that you can buy at any hardware store, and a simple to follow guide to show you how to build a hydrogen fuel cell you can convert your cars in a matter of hours.
Once you have converted your cars into hydrogen fuel cell cars you can expect to get gas mileage improvements of between 35% and 50%. You will also notice that you have a smoother ride and a lot more power, this is due to the cleaner burn that you get, and you will also expect to get less wear on your engine and a lot less harmful exhaust emissions being pumped into the atmosphere.
Another plus with the DIY hydrogen fuel cell is that it is completely reversible, so if you ever wanted to take it out again you can do so without causing any damage to your engine. But with the great gas mileage improvements that you will get the only reason I can see you wanting to remove it for are if you sell your car and want to keep your homemade hydrogen generator to use in your next vehicle.
To learn more about hydrogen fuel cell cars or to find a first class guide to show you how to build a hydrogen fuel cell you should be able to find more than enough information on the internet. With everyone trying to find ways to make gas mileage improvements to their vehicles the DIY hydrogen fuel cell has really caught on and there are dozens of good guides to show you exactly how to go about it.
A Brief History of the Jeep Wrangler
by Derek John Swanson
The Jeep Wrangler is just one of numerous styles of vehicle that has carried the name Jeep. The Jeep Wrangler, as it is known now, did not exist until 1987, when the YJ style body for the Jeep replaced the Jeep CJs. Previously the Jeep was not known as the Wrangler, it carried the CJ label, which stands for Civilian Jeep. Since World War II, when the Jeep came into existence it has transformed into numerous models and styles. Presently there are many different vehicles that carry the Jeep name, from the Wrangler, to the 4 door Wrangler, Liberty, Patriot, etc.
Not only has the Jeep been transformed into many different style vehicles it has also been passed down over the years by different companies. The first company, which created the Jeep, was Willys-Overland. The company had ultimately won the Jeep name and recognition beating out both Bantam and Ford, both companies creating similar vehicles in competition for contracts with the military. However, the Willys-Overland company suffered financial troubles and in April of 1953 was purchased by Henry J. Kaiser who had his own car business, Kaiser.
Under Kaiser the Jeep became profitable and became the sole focus of the company. Kaiser had introduced other lines of the Jeep vehicle, one of which was the Wagoneer. With the popularity of the Jeep, Kaiser Industries decided to change the name of the company to Kaiser-Jeep in 1963. Kaiser Industries was a massive company that produced everything from ships down to medical supplies. For this reason Edgar Kaiser had decided to merge Kaiser-Jeep with American Motors Corporation (AMC) and kept a controlling interest in the companies stock. Yet again the Jeep name had survived another change in company and ownership.
Jeep continued to be a strong brand and company; however, AMC was faltering with all of its other productions and was having financial difficulties.
Presently the company that owns the Jeep line is Chrysler LLC, formerly DaimlerChrysler AG, after Chrysler Corporation and Daimler-Benz had merged in 1998. Chrysler Corporation had originally purchased the Jeep line back in 1987 because it did not want to develop its own line of SUVs. Even with the merger with the Mercedez parent company, the Jeep line remained true to its predecessors and production remained in Toledo, Ohio.
The current model of Jeep Wrangler is the JK model, which followed the popular TJ model. As mentioned earlier the history of the actual Jeep Wrangler is not as long as the Jeep itself. The Wrangler has only been in existence since 1987, however to fully understand the history of the Jeep Wrangler it is important to know about its predecessors and the company transformations. Not many other vehicles, besides the Jeep, have survived numerous changes in ownership as well as model designations.
The Wrangler was introduced in 1987 as the YJ model. The YJ model was very similar to the previous CJ model, the major differences being a slight change in the grill style and the introduction of rectangular headlights. The rectangular headlights caused a controversy with enthusiasts; despite the rest of the Jeep being similar to the CJ, many of them refused to call the YJ a true Jeep.
The YJ Wrangler then gave way to the TJ Wrangler in 1997, with the reintroduction of the classic round headlights. They also changed the suspension from leaf-spring to coil-spring to provide a better ride, similar to the Jeep Cherokee. The TJ also saw the introduction of the Rubicon and the Unlimited editions of the Wrangler. The Unlimited edition featured a longer wheel base for more storage. The TJ and its different variations existed for 10 years, until 2007 ushered in the JK model, a new, completely re-designed Wrangler that is larger and is also available in a 4 door model - unlike any before it.
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